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GLOBAL WARMING

Global Warming is the process of increasing the average temperature of the atmosphere, ocean, and the Earth's land.

Global average temperatures on Earth's surface has increased ± 0.74 ° C 0:18 (1:33 ± 0:32 ° F) during the last hundred years. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that "most of the increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century, most likely caused by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases due to human activities" [1] via the greenhouse effect. These basic conclusions have been advanced by at least 30 scientific and academic bodies, including all the national science academies of the G8 nations. However, there are still some scientists who do not agree with some conclusions that the IPCC noted.

Global warming is basically a phenomenon of global temperature increase from year to year because of the greenhouse effect (greenhouse effect) caused by increasing emissions of gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), dinitrooksida (N2O) and the CFC so that the sun's energy trapped in the earth's atmosphere. The literature shows an increase in global temperatures - including Indonesia - which occurs in the range 1.5 to 40 Celsius at the end of the 21st century.

Global warming cause widespread and serious impacts to the bio-geophysical environment (such as melting polar ice, sea level rise, expanding deserts, increasing rainfall and flooding, climate change, extinction of certain flora and fauna, migratory fauna and pest diseases, etc. ). While the impact of socio-economic activities include: (a) disruption of the function of coastal and beach cities, (b) disruption of the function of infrastructure and facilities such as road networks, ports and airports (c) disruption of settlements, (d) reduction productivity of agricultural land, (e) increased risk of cancer and disease outbreaks, etc.). In this paper, focus is given on the anticipation of two impacts on global warming, namely sea level rise (of rise sea level) and flooding.

Impact of rising sea levels and flooding of Environmental Bio-geophysical conditions and the Social-Economic Society.

Sea level rise will generally result in impacts as follows: (a) increasing the frequency and intensity of floods, (b) changes in ocean currents and the widespread destruction of mangroves, (c) expansion of sea water intrusion, (d) a threat to the socio-economic activities of society coastal, and (e) reduction or loss of the land area of small islands.

The increased frequency and intensity of floods caused by the random occurrence of the rainfall pattern and the short rainy season while the very high rainfall (extreme events). Another possibility is a result of backwater effects from coastal to inland areas. The frequency and intensity of floods predicted nine times greater in the coming decade in which the 80% increase in flooding occurred in South and Southeast Asia (including Indonesia) with the inundation area reaches 2 million square miles. Increasing the volume of water in coastal areas will provide the cumulative effect if the sea level rise and increased frequency and intensity of rainfall occurred in the same period.

stevania charissa

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